Prof Karabo Shale

College of Graduate Studies

College of Graduate Studies
School of Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Studies (SIRGS)
Professor
E-mail:	shalek@unisa.ac.za

Qualifications

Tech. Environmental Health (CUT, 2004)
Sc. Biotechnology (UFS, 2001)
HED Science Education (UFS (Vista BFN), 2002)
Sc. Chemistry and Botany (UFS (Unin Qwa-qwa), 1997)

Fields of academic interests

Environmental Health (Food safety, Air quality and occupational health and safety)
Environmental Management (waste management, water quality, renewable energy)
Environmental radioactivity and Bioaerosols

Journal articles

Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, Ilhan Ozturk, Mehmet Ağa, Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure, Dervis Kirikkaleli, Karabo Shale (2023). Role of natural gas and nuclear energy consumption in fostering environmental sustainability in India. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 11030.
Usman Mehmood, Salman Tariq, Muhammad Umar Aslam, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure, Karabo Shale, Mustafa Kamal, Muhammad Faisal Khan (2023). Evaluating the impact of digitalization, renewable energy use, and technological innovation on load capacity factor in G8 nations, Scientific Reports 13(1), 9131.

Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Jeffery Dankwa Ampah, Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure, Karabo Shale, Ifeoma Prisca Onyenegecha, Vladimir Ivanovich Velkin (2023). Can Africa serve Europe with hydrogen energy from its renewables? Assessing the economics of shipping hydrogen and hydrogen carriers to Europe from different parts of the continent. Sustainability, 15(8), 6509.
Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure, Karabo Shale (2023). A time-varying approach to the nexus between environmental related technologies, renewable energy consumption and environmental sustainability in South Africa. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 4860.
Adebayo, Tomiwa; Awosusi, Abraham; Uhunamure, Solomon and Shale, Karabo. (2022). Race to achieving carbon neutrality before 2060 in China: Can financial globalization, economic complexity, and disaggregating energy usage help meet this stride. ScholarOne, Science: Science progress. 105(4) 1–22.
Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, Seyi Akadiri, Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure, Mehmet Altuntas, Karabo Shale (2022). Does political stability contribute to environmental sustainability? Evidence from the most politically stable economies. Heliyon 8(12), e12479.
Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, Abraham Ayobamiji Awosusi, Solomon Eghosa Uhuna-mure, Karabo Shale (2022). Race to achieving sustainable environment in China: Can financial globalization and renewable energy consumption help meet this stride? Science Progress, Vol. 105(4) 1–
Boredi Silas Chidi, Vincent Ifeanyi Okudoh, Ucrecia Faith Hutchinson, Maxwell Mewa Ngongang, Thabang Maphanga, Benett Siyabonga Madonsela, Karabo Shale, Lim Jun Wei and Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe. (2022). A perspective on evolving inter-disciplinary solutions for the sustainable food waste management. MDPI, Applied Sciences. 12(22), 11399. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211399
Usman Mehmood, Salman Tariq, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure, Karabo Shale, Hasan Nawaz, Shafqat Ali, Ammar Hammed (2022). Financial Institutional and market Deepening, and Environmental Quality Nexus: A Case Study in G-11 Economies Using CS-ARDL. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 11984.
Lixun Wang, Usman Mehmood, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure, Karabo Shale (2022). Associating Renewable Energy, Globalization, Agriculture, and Ecological Footprints: Implications for Sustainable Environment in South Asian Countries. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10162.

Thabang Maphanga, Benette Madonsela, Boredi Chidi, Karabo Shale,
Lawrence Munjonji Stangley Lekata. (2022).
The effect of rainfall on Escherichia coli and Chemical Oxygen Demand
in the effluent discharge from the Crocodile River wastewater treatment;
South Africa. MDPI, 14(18), 2802; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14182802.
Usman Mehmood, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Solomon Eghosa Uhunamurae, Karabo Shale and Ayesha Mariam. (2022). Evaluating the Influences of Natural Resources and Ageing People on CO₂ Emissions in G-11 Nations: Application of CS-ARDL Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19(3) 1449. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031449
Phungela TT, Maphanga T, Chidi BS, Madonsela BS, Shale K. (2022). The impact of wastewater treatment effluent on Crocodile River quality in Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. S Afr J Sci. 2022;118(7/8), Art. #12575. https:// doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2022/12575
Benett Siyabonga Madonsela, Thabang Maphanga, Boredi Chidi, Karabo Shale and Vincent Zungu. (2022). Assessment of air pollution in the informal settlement of the Western Cape, South Africa. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 7(1)1-14.
TT Phungela, T Maphanga, BS Chidi, BS Madonsela and K Shale. (2022). The impact of wastewater treatment effluent on Crocodile River quality in Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Science. 118(7/8). https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2022/12575

Babalwa Gqomfa, Thabang Maphanga and Karabo Shale. (2022). The impact of informal settlement on water quality of Diep River in Dunoon. Sustainable Water Resources Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00629-w

Usman Mehmood, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure, Karabo Shale and Ayesha Mariam. 2022. Evaluating the Influences of Natural Resources and Ageing People on CO₂ Emissions in G-11 Nations: Application of CS-ARDL Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(3), 1449; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031449
Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure, Zongho Kom, Karabo Shale, Nthaduleni Samuel Nethengwe, Jacobus Steyn. 2021. Perceptions of smallholder farmers towards organic farming in South Africa. MDPI Agriculture. 11(11), 1157; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111157
Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure, Joshua N. Edokpayi, Karabo Shale. Occupational Health Risk of Waste Pickers: A Case Study of Northern Region of South Africa. (2021). Journal of Environmental and Puclic Health. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5530064
Sydney Shikwambana, Ntokozo Malaza and Karabo Shale. 2021. Impacts of Rainfall and Temperature Changes on Smallholder Agriculture in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. MDPI Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202872
Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure , Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Olatunde Samod Durowoju, Karabo Shale, Nthaduleni Samuel Nethengwe, Georges-Ivo Ekosse Ekosse and Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo. 2021. Appraisal of Nuclear Energy as an Alternative Option in South Africa’s Energy Scenario: A Multicriteria Analysis. Applied Sciences; 11(21), 10349. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110349
Takalani Phungela, Babalwa Gqomfa, Thabang Maphanga and Karabo Shale. 2021. The impact of wastewater treatment effluent on water resources: a South African perspective. The Journal of Water Law. 27.
Solomon E. Uhunamure, Nthaduleni S. Nethengwe and Karabo Shale, Virginia Mudau, Majutla Mokgoebo. 2021. Appraisal of households’ knowledge and perception towards e-waste management in Limpopo Province, South Africa. MDPI, Recycling; 6(2),39. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling6020039
Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure and Karabo Shale. 2021. Biogas, a prospect for renewable energy resource in South Africa. International Journal on Energy Conversion (IRECON); Vol 9, 3: 94-102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irecon.v9i3.19929
Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure and Karabo Shale. 2021. A SWOT analysis approach for a sustainable transition to renewable energy in South Africa. MDPI, Sustainability. 13 (7), 3933; doi:10.3390/su13073933
Dladla I., Machete F. and Shale K. 2020. Environmental health Risks associated with indiscriminate dumping in Lekwa Municipality. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2020.1818919
Kingsley Katleho Mokoena, Crystal Jane Ethan, Yan Yu, Karabo Shale, Yameng Fan, Feng Liu, and Jie Rong. 2020. Association between PM2.5 and mortality of stomach and colorectal cancer in Xi’an, China: A time series-study. Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research. ESPR-D-19-05273R1
Kingsley Katleho Mokoena, Crystal Jane Ethan, Yan Yu, Karabo Shale, Yameng Fan, Feng Liu, and Jie Rong. 2019. The effect of ambient air pollution on circulatory mortality: a short-term exposure assessment in Xi’an, China. Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05463-w
Kingsley Katleho Mokoena, Crystal Jane Ethan, Yan Yu, Karabo Shale and Feng Liu, 2019. Ambient air pollution and respiratory mortality in Xi’an, China: a time-series analysis. Respiratory Research. Volume 20, 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-019-1117-8
Matthew Achilonu, Karabo Shale, Georgina Arthur, Kuben Naidoo, and Michael Mbatha. 2018. Phytochemical Benefits of Agroresidues as Alternative Nutritive Dietary Resource for Pig and Poultry Farming. Hindawi Journal of Chemistry, Article ID 1035071, 15 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1035071
Ebenebe PC, Shale K, Sedibe M, Tikilili P and Achilonu MC. 2017. South African Mine Effluents: Heavy Metal Pollution and Impact on the Ecosystem. International Journal of Chemical Science. Volume 15(4); 198.
Ifeoma Nwafor, Karabo Shale and Matthew Achilonu. 2017. Chemical composition and nutritive benefits of chicory (Cichorium intybus) as an ideal complementary and/or alternative livestock feed supplement. The Scientific World Journal, Article ID 7343928, 11 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7343928
Matthew Chilaka Achilonu, Moosa Mahmood Sedibe, and Karabo Shale. 2017. Bioactive Phytochemicals: Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active Substituted Flav-3-enes and Flav-3-en-3-o-R Derivatives. Hindawi Journal of Chemistry, Article ID 3971253, 11 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3971253
Dladla I., Machete F. and Shale K. 2016. Factors associated with indiscriminate dumping of waste in Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. 8: 475-481.

Shilenge, L.B., Shale, K. Matodzi, T., F. Machete and C. Tshelane. A review of Microbial Hazards Associated with Meat Processing in Butcheries. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. Online open access. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2016.1219485
Machete, F. and Shale 2015. Classification of unregulated landfills by waste stream analysis method, a case of Chief Albert Luthuli Municipality, Republic of South Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. 7(6): 446-452.
Shale, K., Mukamugema, J., Lues, J.F.R., and Venter, P. 2014. Possible microbial and biochemical contaminants of an indigenous banana beer “Urwagwa”: A mini review. African Journal of Food Science, 8(7), 376-389.
Setlhare G., Malebo N., Shale K. and Lues R. 2014. Identification of airborne microbiota in selected areas in a health-care setting in South Africa. BMC Microbiology, 14:100.
Syed K., Shale K., Pagadala N. and Tuszynski J. 2014. Systematic identification and evolutionary analysis of catalytically versatile cytochrome P450 monooxygenase families. PLoS ONE, 9(1) e86683.
Syed K., Shale K., Nazir K.H.M.N.H., Krasevec Nada, Mashele S.S., 2014. Genome-wide identification, annotation and characterization of novel thermostable cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from the thermophilic biomass degrading fungi Thielavia terrestris and Myceliophthora thermophila. Genes & Genomics, 36:321-333.
J. Malebo and K. Shale. 2013. MALDI Biotyper Characterization of Microorganisms Colonizing Ventilation Air-Conditioning Systems at a South African Hospital. Life Science Journal, 10(4): 413-417.
Setlhare G.G., Malebo N.J., Shale K. and Lues J.F.R. 2013. Microbial levels on the food preparation areas of a typical district hospital in South Africa. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 7(24): 2998-3008.

Raphela, F. Weyers, C. and Shale, K., 2013. Symptoms of ill health ascribed to electromagnetic field exposure in the welding industry- a questionnaire survey. Journal of Occupational Health 19(4), 24-29.
Raphela S.F., Weyers C and Shale K. 2013. Assessment of occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in the welding industry. Journal of Occupational Health Southern Africa 19(1): 13 – 19.
Shale, K., Mukamugema, J., Lues, J.F.R., Venter, P., and Mokoena, K.K. 2013. Characterisation of selected volatile organic compounds in Rwandan indigenous beer 'urwagwa' by dynamic headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(20), 2990-2996.
Shale, K., Mukamugema, J., Lues, J.F.R., and Venter, P., 2012. Toxicity profile of commercially produced indigenous banana beer. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B. 29(8), 1300-1306.
Shale, K., Mukamugema, J., Lues, J.F.R., Venter, P., and De Smidt, O., 2012. Microbiota associated with commercially produced traditional banana beer in Rwanda. Scientific Research and Essays. 7(47), 4037-4046.
Lues, J.F.R., De Beer, H., Jacoby, A., Jansen, K.E., Shale, K., 2012. Survey on different factors influencing small-scale milking practices in a peri-urban area. Scientific Research and Essays, 7(7) 740-750.
Malebo, N.J., Shale, K., 2011. Quantification and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus strains isolated from biltong. Journal of Food Safety 31(4) 559-569.
Nkhebenyane, J.S., Venter, P., Lues, J.F.R., Shale, K., 2011. The occurrence of bioaerosols in the food preparation area of HIV/AIDS hospices in central South Africa. Advanced Topics in Environmental Health and Air Pollution: Case Studies. Intech University campus publishers, Croatia pp. 353-360.
Lues J.F.R, Pool E., Ikalafeng B.K., Maharasoa M., Shale K., Malebo N.J., 2011. Staphylococci and other selected microbiota associated with indigenous traditional beer. African Journal of Microbiology Research 5(13), 1691-1696.
Lues, J.F.R., De Beer, H., Jacoby, A., Jansen, K.E., Shale, K., 2010. Microbial quality of milk, produced by small scale farmers in a peri-urban area in South Africa. African Journal of Microbiology Research 4(17), 1823-1830.
Lues, J.F.R., Ikalafeng, B.K., Maharasoa, M., Shale, K., and Pool, E., 2009. Brewing and consumptions practices of indigenous traditional beer in a typical South African semi-urban area: indigenous knowledge systems, health, illness and healing. Indilinga African Journal of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (2), 163-174.
Derbyshire, W., Lues, J.F.R., Joubert, G., Shale, K., Jacoby A., Hugo, A., 2007. Effect of electrical stimulation, suspension method and ageing on the intrinsic tenderness of beef of the Bonsmara breed. Journal of Muscle Food 18, 207-225.
Shale, K. Lues, J.F.R., 2007. The etiology of bioaerosols in food environments. Food Reviews International 23 (1), 73-90.
Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., Venter, P, Buys, E.M., 2006. The distribution of staphylococci in bioaerosols from red meat abattoirs. Journal of Environmental Health 69(4), 25-33.
Shale, K., Jacoby, A., Plaatjies, Z., 2006. The impact of extrinsic sources on selected indicator organisms in a typical deboning room. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 16 (4), 263-272.
Venter, P., Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., Buys, E.M., 2006. Microbial proliferation and mathematical indices of vacuum-packed bovine meat. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 30 (4), 433-448.
Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., Venter, P., Buys, E.M., 2005. The distribution of Staphylococcus sp. on bovine meat from abattoir deboning rooms. Journal of Food Microbiology 22, 433-438.

Paper presentations

Shale, K., Mukamugema, J., Lues, J.F.R., Venter, P., and Mokoena, K.K. 2019. Characterisation of selected volatile organic compounds in Rwandan indigenous beer 'urwagwa' by dynamic headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. U6+ conference, Calabar, Nigeria, 2-6 Sep 2019.
I Dladla, F. Machete, K. Shale and L. Mudau. Environmental Indaba, Gert Sibande, 26-27 July 2018. Title: “Factors that influence indiscriminate dumping of waste in Lekwa municipality, Mpumalanga”.
Shale, K., Motsumi, L., Lues, J.F.R., Kebakile, M. and Malebo N.J. SAAFoST Sep 6-9, 2015, Durban. Title: “Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of the Batswana regarding donkey meat and biltong product”.
Shale, K., Matle I., Derbyshire W. and Mutsinze S. 2015. Medical Research Council, Cape Town 19-20 October. Title “The occurrence of indicator bacteria on carcasses and in air environment of single species high throughput red meat abattoirs.”
Shale, K. and Malebo, N.J. 2014. Medical Research Council, Cape Town 20-21 October Title “Characterization of microorganisms colonizing heating ventilation air-conditioning systems through MALDI TOF-MS at a typical South African academic hospital.”
Shale, K. 2014. Alfred Nzo celebration day hosted by City of Johannesburg. Invited as a guest speaker. Title “Research development in Environmental Health”.
Modise, K.D., Shale, K. Malebo N.J. and Groenewald, W., 2013. Medical Research Council conference, Cape Town 23-26 Oct 2013. Title “Air contaminants as a possible source of contamination during cottage cheese production.”
Mokoena, K.K., and Shale, K. 2013. 3^rd All Africa Congress of Environmental Health, Durban 11-14 Nov 2013. Title “MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting of bioaerosols in a dairy farm plant.”
Malebo N.J. and Shale, K. Title “Indoor air quality at selected wards at a South African Hospital.” 10^th International Conference on Healthy Buildings, Brisbane, Australia, 8-12 July 2012.
Shilenge, L.B., Shale, K. and Nkhebenyane J.S. 2012. Medical Research Council conference, Cape Town 23-26 Oct 2012. Title “MALDI TOF-MS fingerprinting of bacterial species from working facilities and meat handlers.”
Raphela, F, Shale K., and Weyers C. 2013. Medical Research Council conference, Cape Town 23-26 Oct 2013. Title” Assessment of occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in the welding industry.”
Mokoena, K.K., Shale, K., Malebo, N.J., African Society of Dairy Technology: Dairy Symposium 2012 April 16-18 (Gateway, Umhlanga). Title: "Bioaerosols and environmental aspects in a dairy farm plant."
Modise, K.D., Shale, K., Malebo, N.J., and Groenewald, W. African Society of Dairy Technology: Dairy Symposium 2012 April 16-18 (Gateway, Umhlanga). Title: "The possible effects that airborne contaminants (bioaerosols) have on the production of cottage cheese."

Boaduo, A.N., Malebo, N.J., Shale, K., Medical Research Council, Cape Town 19-20 October 2011. Title: "Microbiological hazards associated with food safety in child care facilities around Bloemfontein."
Mukamugema, J., Shale, K., Medical Research Council, Cape Town 19-20 October 2011. Title: "Fusarium mycotoxins in commercially produced indigenous banana beer urwagwa in Rwanda."
Shale, K., Prestige Research Day (CUT, FS), Bloemfontein 27 October 2011. Title: "Mathematical indices for microbial and physic-chemical characteristics of biltong product during storage".
Lues, J.F.R., Pool, E., Ikalafeng, B.K., Maharasoa, M., Shale, K., Malebo, N.J., Second National Conference of Science and Technology, 19-20 October 2011 (Luanda, Angola). Title: "Staphylococci and other selected microbiota associated with indigenous traditional beer".
Shale, K., Mokoena, K.K., Indoor Air 2011 (Austin, Texas). Title: “Bioaerosols and other airborne contaminants in dairy plants”.
Nkhebenyane, J.S., Venter, P., Lues, J.F.R., Shale, K., Indoor Air 2011 (Austin, Texas). Title: “The occurrence of bioaerosols in the food preparation area of HIV/AIDS hospices in central South Africa”.

Mohajane, E.P.M., Shale, K., International conference on control and management of inadvertent radioactive material. 23-27 February 2009. Title: "Regulatory control of scrap contaminated with NORM from mining and mineral processing facilities: A South African experience.

Shale, K., National Union of Mine Workers workshop, 27 Feb 2008, Randfontein. Title: “Radiation monitoring in Gold Mines.
Shale, K., National Union of Mine Workers workshop, 03 Apr 2008, Carltonville. Title: “Radiation safety and instrumentation”.
Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., Climate change and air quality management conference, 18-20 Oct 2006, East London. Title: “An overview of bioaerosols in the food environment: South Africa”.
Shale, K., Venter, P., Research Toolbox Workshop (CUT, FS) Bloemfontein, 16^th Feb 2006. Title: “Basic Research management; Research Toolbox”.
Shale, , Lues, J.F.R., Venter, P., Buys, E.M., SAAFoST Sep 5-8, 2005, Stellenbosch. Title of paper: “The occurrence of staphylococcal bioaerosols in red meat deboning room”.

Shale, K., Post Doctoral Workshop at CUT, FS Bloemfontein, ^4th Aug 2005. Title: “Microbial and Physico-Chemical aspects associate with South African indigenous foods”.
Shale, K., Prestige Research Day (CUT, FS) Bloemfontein, 21^st Oct 2004. Title: “The distribution of staphylococci bioaerosols from red meat abattoirs”.
Shale, K., Research Culture Workshop (CUT, FS) Bloemfontein, 24^th May 2004. Title: “Growing a research culture in the University of Technology”.
Shale, K., Research Approach Seminar (CUT, FS) Bloemfontein, 23^rd Apr 2003. Title: “Research approach”.
Shale, K., Shilenge, L.B., Mokoena, K.K., Nkhebenyane, J.S., Matodzi, T. and Tshelane C.K. SAAFoST Sep 6-9, 2015, Durban. Title: “Bacteriological analysis of environmental surfaces in butcheries”.
Shale, K., Mokoena, K.K., Malebo, N.J., Tshelane, C.K. and Matodzi, T. SAAFoST Sep 6-9, 2015, Durban. Title: “Distribution of microbial contaminants on working surfaces in the dairy farm plant”.
Gaofetoge Setlhare, Ntsoaki Malebo, Karabo Shale and Ryk Lues. Title “Identification of airborne microbiota in selected areas in a health-care setting in South Africa.” Presented at SAAFOST conference in 10-13 October 2013.
Malebo N.J. and Shale, K. Title “MALDI-TOF characterization of bioaerosols at a South African Hospital.” 5^th HOPE Meeting with Nobel Laureates. Poster presentation at the 5th HOPE Meeting with Nobel Laureates, Tokyo, Japan, 25 February - 03 March 2013.
Shilenge, L.B., Nkhebenyane, J.S., Lues, J.F.R. and Shale, K. Red Meat Symposium, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 9-11 May 2012. Title: “MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting of bioaerosols in butcheries within Mangaung Metro”.
Motsumi, L., Shale, K., Malebo, N.J., Lues, J.F.R., and Kebakile, M. 2012. Red Meat Symposium, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 9-11 May 2012. Title: “Proximate analysis of donkey meat and biltong produced in Kanye, Botswana”.
Malebo, N.J., Shale, K., National Postdoctoral Research Forum. Cape Town, South Africa 7-9 December 2011. Title: “Indoor air quality at selected wards at a typical government South African Hospital".
Modise, K.D., Shale, K., Malebo, N.J., Medical Research Council, Cape Town 19-20 October 2011. Title: "A survey on the behaviour, hygiene practices and knowledge of food handlers in a cottage cheese section of a dairy plant in Bloemfontein."
Mokoena, K.K., Shale, K., Malebo, N.J., Medical Research Council, Cape Town 19-20 October 2011. Title: "The evaluation of food hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers in a dairy farm plant in central South Africa."
Setlhare, G., Malebo, N.J., Shale, K., Medical Research Council, Cape Town 19-20 October 2011. Title: "Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices among food handlers at a typical district hospital in the Free State province concerning food safety."
Shilenge, L.B., Nkhebenyane, J.S., Shale, K., Medical Research Council, Cape Town 19-20 October 2011. Title: "Food safety and public hygiene evaluation amongst meat handlers around Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality."
Malebo, N.J., Shale, K., Indoor Air conference, Austin, Texas USA, 5-10 June 2011. Title: “Characterization of Bioaerosols in Health Care Facilities”.
Mokoena, K.K., Shale, K., South African Society of Dairy Technology conference 13-15 April 2011. Title: “Selected bioaerosols and extrinsic factors in a developing semi-urban dairy plant”.
Setlhare, G.T., Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., Malebo, J.N., South African society of dairy technology conference 13-15 April 2011. Title: “Indicator microorganisms and physicochemical aspects of bulk tank milk in Motheo district”.
Setlhare, G.T., Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., 15^th World Congress of Food Science and Technology (IUFOST) conference, Cape Town ICC, 22-26 Aug 2010. Title: “The microbial and physicochemical survey of bulk tank milk in Greater Bloemfontein, Free State”.
Shale, K., 15^th World Congress of Food Science and Technology (IUFOST) conference, Cape Town ICC, 22-26 Aug 2010. Title: “Quantification of selected microbiota and production practices associated with biltong product”.
Shale, K., 97^th Annual meeting of the International Association for Food Protection (IAFP), Anaheim, California, 1-4 Aug 2010. Title: “Mathematical indices for microbial and physico-chemical characteristics of biltong product during storage.
Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., The International Association for Food Protection (IAFP), 94th Annual meeting, Lake, Buena Vista Florida, 8-13 Jul 2007. Title: “An assessment of airborne contaminants in the beverage processing environment”.
Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., 5^th International Congress on Food Technology, Thessaloniki, Greece 9-11 Mar 2007. Title: “An assessment of airborne contaminants in the food environment”.
Lues, J.F.R., Shale, K., Food Micro, Bologna-Italy, 29 Aug-2 Sep 2006. Title: “Bioaerosols of food processing environments and factors influencing its composition”.
Bojase, F., Kgantitsoe, Q., Shale, K., SAAFoST Sep 5-8, 2005, Stellenbosch. Title: “A survey of microbial and biochemical indicators of commercial tap milk in the Bloemfontein area”.
Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., Venter, P., Buys, E.M., Breaking news on HACCP and food safety, Johannesburg, 17-18 May 2005. Title: “The distribution of staphylococci in bioaerosols from red meat abattoirs”.
Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., Venter, P., Buys, E.M., 8^th World Congress on Environmental Health (International Federation of Environmental Health) Durban, 22-27 Feb 2004. Title: “Identification of staphylococci in the deboning area of red meat abattoirs using API STAPH system”.
Shale, K., Lues, J.F.R., Venter, P., Buys, E.M., SAAFoST 2003, Pretoria. Title: “Microbial shelf-life of vacuum-packed red eat at 5°C and 18°C”.
Shale, K., van Dyk, M.S., BIOY2K Millennium congress 2000, Grahamstown. Title: “Evaluation of a spectrophotometric method to follow hydrolysis of acetates with whole yeasts cells”.

Professional positions, fellowships & awards

Assistant Dean and Faculty Research Manager; CPUT.
Faculty Research Manager and HOD; CUT.
Research Professor and Research Director; MUT.
Research Professor and HOD, TUT.
Regulatory Officer; NNR.
NRF C3 rating 2015- 2019.
NRF Y2 rating 2007-2013
Career Development Award SA-MRC 2013-2018
Vice chancellors Award for established researchers 2013 at CUT.
Vice Chancellors award for novice researchers 2011 at CUT.
Received research grants from NRF, MRC and Welcome Trust.

Projects

Part of Leeto La Afrika; UNISA.
Knowledge Exchange Mobility in Africa: Interdisciplinary training and research in Environment, Health Sciences and Climate Change, CPUT.

Other

Hosted 5 post-doctoral fellows, supervised 2 doctoral and 11 masters candidates.