Speech Organs Movement during Articulation

Voiceless Bilabial Plosive [p]

Kwagatšo ya [p] e le /pa/ le /apa/

Pronouncing [p] as /pa/ and /apa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase

Active articulator:

lower lip

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo

Passive articulator:

upper lip

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipoung

Place of articulation:

bilabial

Mohlala:

pelo

Example:

top

Voiceless Bilabial Aspirated Plosive [p^h]

Kwagatšo ya [p^h] e le /p^ha/ le /ap^ha/ 

Pronouncing [p^h] as /p^ha/ and /ap^ha/ 

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase

Active articulator:

lower lip

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo

Passive articulator:

upper lip

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipoung

Place of articulation:

bilabial

Mohlala:

phela

Example:

pot

Voiced Bilabial Plosive [b]

Kwagatšo ya [b] e le /ba/ le /aba/

Pronouncing [b] as /ba/ and /aba/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase

Active articulator:

lower lip

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo

Passive articulator:

upper lip

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipoung

Place of articulation:

bilabial

Mohlala:

N/A

Example:

bay

Voiced Bilabial Fricative [β]

Kwagatšo ya [β] e le /βa/ le /aβa/

Pronouncing [β] as /βa/ and /aβa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase

Active articulator:

lower lip

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo

Passive articulator:

upper lip

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipou

Place of articulation:

bilabial

Mohlala:

bona

Example:

N/A

Kwagatšo ya [m] e le /ma/ le /ama/

Pronouncing [m] as /ma/ and /ama/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase

Active articulator:

lower lip

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo

Passive articulator:

upper lip

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

theogile

State of the velum:

lowered

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipoung

Place of articulation:

bilabial

Mohlala:

motho

Example:

man

Voiceless Labiodental Fricative [f]

Kwagatšo ya [f] e le /fa/ le /afa/

Pronouncing [f] as /fa/ and /afa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase

Active articulator:

lower lip

Sekwagatšitirwa:

meno a ka godimo

Passive articulator:

upper teeth

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumapouinong

Place of articulation:

labiodental

Mohlala:

fofa

Example:

fee

Kwagatšo ya [fʃ] e le /fʃa/ le /afʃa/

Pronouncing [fʃ] as /fʃa/ and /afʃa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase le leleme

Active articulator:

lower lip and tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

meno a ka godimo le magalagapa

Passive articulator:

upper teeth and palate

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumapouinong-moragorinini

Place of articulation:

labiodental-postalveolar

Mohlala:

lefšiega

Example:

N/A

Voiced Labiodental Fricative [v]

Kwagatšo ya [v] e le /va/ le /ava/

Pronouncing [v] as /va/ and /ava/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase

Active articulator:

lower lip

Sekwagatšitirwa:

meno a ka godimo

Passive articulator:

upper teeth

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumapouinong

Place of articulation:

labiodental

Mohlala:

N/A

Example:

vow

Voiceless Bilabial Alveolar Fricative [ɸs]

Kwagatšo ya [ɸs] e le /ɸsa/ le /aɸsa/

Pronouncing [ɸs] as /ɸsa/ and /aɸsa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase le leleme

Active articulator:

lower lip and tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo le marinini

Passive articulator:

upper lip and alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipouririning

Place of articulation:

bilabial alveolar

Mohlala:

lefsifsi

Example:

N/A

Voiceless Labio-alveolar Affricate [ps]

Kwagatšo ya [ps] e le /psa/ le /apsa/

Pronouncing [ps] as /psa/ and /apsa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase le leleme

Active articulator:

lower lip and tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo le marinini

Passive articulator:

upper lip and alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipouririning

Place of articulation:

bilabial alveolar

Mohlala:

psila

Example:

N/A

Voiceless Labio-alveolar Aspirated Affricate [ps^h]

Kwagatšo ya [ps^h] e le /ps^ha/ le /aps^ha/

Pronouncing [ps^h] as /ps^ha/ and /aps^ha/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase le leleme

Active articulator:

lower lip and tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo le marinini

Passive articulator:

upper lip and alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumapouririning

Place of articulation:

bilabial alveolar

Mohlala:

pshio

Example:

N/A

Kwagatšo ya [ɸʃ] e le /ɸʃa/ le /aɸʃa/

Pronouncing [ɸʃ] as /ɸʃa/ and /aɸʃa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase le leleme

Active articulator:

lower lip and tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo le marinini

Passive articulator:

upper lip and alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipoung-moragoririni

Place of articulation:

bilabial post-alveolar

Mohlala:

bofša

Example:

N/A

Kwagatšo ya [βʒ] e le /βʒa/ le /aβʒa/

Pronouncing [βʒ] as /βʒa/ and /aβʒa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase le leleme

Active articulator:

lower lip and tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo le marinini

Passive articulator:

upper lip and alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipoung-moragoririni

Place of articulation:

bilabial post-alveolar

Mohlala:

bjala

Example:

N/A

Voiceless Labio-Postalveolar Affricate [pʃ]

Kwagatšo ya [pʃ] e le /pʃa/ le /apʃa/

Pronouncing [pʃ] as /pʃa/ and /apʃa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase le leleme

Active articulator:

lower lip and tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo le marinini

Passive articulator:

upper teeth and alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulelegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipoung-moragoririni

Place of articulation:

bilabial post-alveolar

Mohlala:

mpša

Example:

N/A

Voiceless Labio-Postalveolar Aspirated Affricate [pʃ^h]

Kwagatšo ya [pʃ^h] e le /pʃ^ha/ le /apʃ^ha/      

Pronouncing [pʃ^h] as /pʃ^ha/ and /apʃ^ha/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase le leleme

Active articulator:

lower lip and tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo le marinini

Passive articulator:

upper teeth and alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulelegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipoung-moragoririni

Place of articulation:

bilabial post-alveolar

Mohlala:

pšhatla

Example:

N/A

Voiced Labio-Velar Approximant [w]

Kwagatšo ya [w] e le /wa/ le /awa/

Pronouncing [w] as /wa/ and /awa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

molomo wa ka fase le leleme

Active articulator:

lower lip and tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

molomo wa ka godimo le magalagapa a moseo

Passive articulator:

upper teeth and alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

patamelo

Manner of articulation:

approximant

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumadipoung-kgalagapamoseo

Place of articulation:

labio-velar

Mohlala:

wena

Example:

win

Voiceless Interdental Fricative [θ]

Kwagatšo ya [θ] e le /θa/ le /aθa/

Pronouncing [θ] as /θa/ and /aθa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme le meno a ka fase

Active articulator:

tongue and lower teeth

Sekwagatšitirwa:

meno a ka godimo

Passive articulator:

upper teeth

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumainong

Place of articulation:

dental

Mohlala:

N/A

Example:

thigh

Voiced Interdental Fricative [ð]

Kwagatšo ya [ð] e le /ða/ le /aða/

Pronouncing [ð] as /ða/ and /aða/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme le meno a ka fase

Active articulator:

tongue and lower teeth

Sekwagatšitirwa:

meno a ka godimo

Passive articulator:

upper teeth

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumainong

Place of articulation:

dental

Mohlala:

N/A

Example:

them

Voiceless Alveolar Plosive [t]

Kwagatšo ya [t] e le /ta/ le /ata/

Pronouncing [t] as /ta/ and /ata/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

toka

Example:

stop

Voiceless Alveolar Aspirated Plosive [t^h]

Kwagatšo ya [t^h] e le /t^ha/ le /at^ha/

Pronouncing [t^h] as /t^ha/ and /at^ha/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

thopa

Example:

tie

Voiced Alveolar Plosive [d]

Kwagatšo ya [d] e le /da/ le /ada/

Pronouncing [d] as /da/ and /ada/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

dula

Example:

day

Voiceless Alveolar Fricative [s]

Kwagatšo ya [s] e le /sa/ le /asa/

Pronouncing [s] as /sa/ and /asa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

sesi

Example:

son

Voiced Alveolar Fricative [z]

Kwagatšo ya [z] e le /za/ le /aza/

Pronouncing [z] as /za/ and /aza/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

N/A

Example:

zebra

Voiceless Alveolar Affricate [ts]

Kwagatšo ya [ts] e le /tsa/ le /atsa/

Pronouncing [ts] as /tsa/ and /atsa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

tsela

Example:

N/A

Voiceless Alveolar Aspirated Affricate [ts^h]

Kwagatšo ya [ts^h] e le /ts^ha/ le /ats^ha/

Pronouncing [ts^h] as /ts^ha/ and /ats^ha/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

tshadi

Example:

N/A

Voiced Alveolar Nasal [n]

Kwagatšo ya [n] e le /na/ le /ana/

Pronouncing [n] as /na/ and /ana/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

theogile

State of the velum:

lowered

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

nama

Example:

never

Voiced Alveolar Rhotic [r]

Kwagatšo ya [r] e le /ra/ le /ara/

Pronouncing [r] as /ra/ and /ara/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

patamelo

Manner of articulation:

approximant

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

roma

Example:

run

Voiceless Alveolar Lateral Fricative [ɬ]

Kwagatšo ya [ɬ] e le /ɬa/ le /aɬa/

Pronouncing [ɬ] as /ɬa/ and /aɬa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša-tlhaa

Manner of articulation:

lateral fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

hloma

Example:

N/A

Voiceless Alveolar Lateral Aspirated Fricative [tl^h]

Kwagatšo ya [tl^h] e le /tl^ha/ le /atl^ha/

Pronouncing [tl^h] as /tl^ha/ and /atl^ha/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša-tlhaa

Manner of articulation:

lateral fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

tlhago

Example:

N/A

Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate [tɬ]

Kwagatšo ya [tɬ] e le /tɬa/ le /atɬa/

Pronouncing [tɬ] as /tɬa/ and /atɬa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša-tlhaa

Manner of articulation:

lateral affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

tlala

Example:

N/A

Voiced Alveolar Lateral [l]

Kwagatšo ya [l] e le /la/ le /ala/

Pronouncing [l] as /la/ and /ala/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

marinini

Passive articulator:

alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

patamelo

Manner of articulation:

approximant

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumaririning

Place of articulation:

alveolar

Mohlala:

lema

Example:

love

Voiceless Post-Alveolar Fricative [ʃ]

Kwagatšo ya [ʃ] e le /ʃa/ le /aʃa/

Pronouncing [ʃ] as /ʃa/ and /aʃa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

morago ga marinini

Passive articulator:

post-alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumamoragoririning

Place of articulation:

post alveolar

Mohlala:

šoma

Example:

shop

Voiced Post-Alveolar Fricative [ʒ]

Kwagatšo ya [ʒ] as /ʒa/ and /aʒa/

Pronouncing [ʒ] as /ʒa/ and /aʒa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

morago ga marinini

Passive articulator:

post-alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumamoragoririning

Place of articulation:

post alveolar

Mohlala:

dijo

Example:

measure

Voiceless Post-Alveolar Affricate [tʃ]

Kwagatšo ya [tʃ] e le /tʃa/ le /atʃa/

Pronouncing [tʃ] as /tʃa/ and /atʃa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

morago ga marinini

Passive articulator:

post-alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumamoragoririning

Place of articulation:

post alveolar

Mohlala:

tšaka

Example:

N/A

Voiceless Post-Alveolar Aspirated Affricate [tʃ^h]

Kwagatšo ya [tʃ^h] e le /tʃ^ha/ le /atʃ^ha/

Pronouncing [tʃ^h] as /tʃ^ha/ and /atʃ^ha/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

morago ga marinini

Passive articulator:

post-alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumamoragoririning

Place of articulation:

post alveolar

Mohlala:

tšhaba

Example:

chat

Voiced Post-Alveolar Affricate [ʤ]

Kwagatšo ya [dʒ] e le /dʒa/ le /adʒa/

Pronouncing [dʒ] as /dʒa/ and /adʒa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

morago ga marinini

Passive articulator:

post-alveolar ridge

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumamoragorinining

Place of articulation:

post alveolar

Mohlala:

N/A

Example:

joke

Voiced Palatal Nasal [ɲ]

Kwagatšo ya [ɲ] e le /ɲa/ le /aɲa/

Pronouncing [ɲ] as /ɲa/ and /aɲa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

magalagapa

Passive articulator:

hard palate

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

theogile

State of the velum:

lowered

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumakgalagapeng

Place of articulation:

palatal

Mohlala:

nyala

Example:

N/A

Voiced Palatal Approximant [j]

Kwagatšo ya [j] e le /ja/ le /aja/

Pronouncing [j] as /ja/ and /aja/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

magalagapa

Passive articulator:

hard palate

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

patamelo

Manner of articulation:

approximant

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumakgalagapeng

Place of articulation:

palatal

Mohlala:

yena

Example:

yes

Voiceless Velar Plosive [k]

Kwagatšo ya [k] e le /ka/ le /aka/

Pronouncing [k] as /ka/ and /aka/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

magalagapa a moseo

Passive articulator:

velum

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumakgalagapengmoseo

Place of articulation:

velar

Mohlala:

koma

Example:

take

Voiceless Velar Aspirated Plosive [k^h]

Kwagatšo ya [k^h] e le /k^ha/ le /ak^ha/

Pronouncing [k^h] as /k^ha/ and /ak^ha/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

magalagapa a moseo

Passive articulator:

velum

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumakgalagapengmoseo

Place of articulation:

velar

Mohlala:

khudu

Example:

can

Voiced Velar Plosive [g]

Kwagatšo ya [g] e le /ga/ le /aga/

Pronouncing [g] as /ga/ and /aga/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

magalagapa a moseo

Passive articulator:

velum

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumakgalagapengmoseo

Place of articulation:

velar

Mohlala:

N/A

Example:

go

Voiced Velar Fricative [ɣ]

Kwagatšo ya [ɣ] e le /ɣa/ le /aɣa/

Pronouncing [ɣ] as /ɣa/ and /aɣa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

magalagapa a moseo

Passive articulator:

velum

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumakgalagapengmoseo

Place of articulation:

velar

Mohlala:

goga

Example:

N/A

Voiceless Velar Aspirated Affricate [kx^h]

Kwagatšo ya [kx^h] e le /kx^ha/ le /akx^ha/

Pronouncing [kx^h] as /kx^ha/ and /akx^ha/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

magalagapa a moseo

Passive articulator:

velum

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

thunyakgwaša

Manner of articulation:

affricate

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumakgalagapengmoseo

Place of articulation:

velar

Mohlala:

kgomo

Example:

N/A

Voiced Velar Nasal [ŋ]

Kwagatšo ya [ŋ] e le /ŋa/ le /aŋa/

Pronouncing [ŋ] as /ŋa/ and /aŋa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

magalagapa a moseo

Passive articulator:

velum

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

closed

Boemo bja lelengwana:

theogile

State of the velum:

lowered

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kemo

Manner of articulation:

stop

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumakgalagapengmoseo

Place of articulation:

velar

Mohlala:

ngaka

Example:

sing

Voiceless Glottal Fricative [h]

Kwagatšo ya [h] e le /ha/ le /aha/

Pronouncing [h] as /ha/ and /aha/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

kgokgokgo

Passive articulator:

glottis

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

bulegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumakgokgokgong

Place of articulation:

glottal

Mohlala:

hema

Example:

hello

Voiced Glottal Fricative [ɦ]

Kwagatšo ya [ɦ] e le /ɦa/ le /aɦa/

Pronouncing [ɦ] as /ɦa/ and /aɦa/

Sepedi

English

Kelelamoya:

ya maswafo

Airstream Mechanism:

pulmonic

Sekwagatšitira:

leleme

Active articulator:

tongue

Sekwagatšitirwa:

kgokgokgo

Passive articulator:

glottis

Boemo bja lešobakgokgokgo:

tswalegile

State of the glottis:

open

Boemo bja lelengwana:

rotogile

State of the velum:

raised

Mokgwakwagatšo:

kgwaša

Manner of articulation:

fricative

Lefelokwagatšo:

tumakgokgokgong

Place of articulation:

glottal

Mohlala:

lehono/lehu

Example:

N/A